Ta'lim : Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu

Perlindungan Hak Anak Di Luar Nikah: Studi Komparatif Antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, Dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010

2026-01-22T10:31:29+07:00

Legal issues regarding the position of children born out of wedlock in Indonesia still leave disharmony between positive legal norms, religious norms, and constitutional jurisprudence. Law No. 1/1974 on Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law explicitly limit the civil rights of out-of-wedlock children to the mother and her family, reflecting a conservative normative view based on classical Islamic law. However, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 reinterpreted Article 43 paragraph (1) of the Marriage Law and opened up space for the recognition of civil rights between out-of-wedlock children and their biological fathers on the basis of scientific evidence (such as DNA testing). This study aims to comparatively analyze the three sources of law to identify conceptual and normative differences, as well as to find common ground that can be the basis for harmonizing national family law. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach through a literature study of laws and regulations, judicial documents (decisions of the Constitutional Court and Supreme Court), and scientific literature. The results show that there is no substantial integration between the three legal regimes, both in legislation and in judicial practice, resulting in legal uncertainty and discrimination against children's rights. This research emphasizes the urgency of reconstructing legal norms that can bridge the values of justice, child protection, and moral and religious principles. This article offers a harmonization scheme between Compilation of Islamic Law, the Marriage Law, and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court as a real contribution to the renewal of Islamic family law in Indonesia that is more inclusive and just.

Implementasi Teori Double Movement Fazlur Rahman terhadap Bagian Ahli Waris Nonmuslim

2025-08-26T23:08:11+07:00

Wujud kontribusi intelektual telah diberikan oleh Fazlur Rahman berupa teori double movement yang bertujuan untuk memberikan penafsiran al-Qur’an melalui jalan egalitarianisme sosio historis masa lampau dan masa sekarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tafsir QS Al Baqarah ayat 180 sebagai dasar putusan No. 2554/Pdt.G/2011/PA JS tentang kewajiban wasiat terhadap ahli waris nonmuslim. Kemudian bagaimana teori double movement Fazlur Rahman menjawab persoalan waris nonmuslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan library research, menggabungkan studi putusan dan studi pemikiran tokoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Ulama berbeda pendapat QS. Al Baqarah ayat 180 muhakkamah atau sudah dinaskh. Ibnu Abbas, Qatadah dan juga Hasan menyebutkan bahwa ayat ini dinaskh. Sebagian ulama al-Qur’an mengklaim bahwa wasiat untuk orang tua dan sanak kerabat dihapuskan dengan ayat waris. Sehingga hukum dari wasiat tidak wajib, tetapi menjadi sukarela. Jumhur Ulama sepakat bahwa pemberian harta melalui wasiat tidak boleh lebih dari 1/3 hartanya. Berdasarkan teori double movement Fazlur Rahman, gerakan pertama, kondisi sosio historis masyarakat Arab saat ayat turun, kental dengan hubungan kekerabatan dan peperangan. Sehingga ada kewajiban berwasiat kepada saudara. Kemudian melalui gerakan kedua, hasil dari generalisasi wasiat kepada kerabat memberikan akibat hukum pada putusan yang diberikan dinilai sah. Karena tidak menjadikan tergugat sebagai ahli waris dan hanya mendapat 1/9 harta pewaris.

Kata Kunci: Double Movement, Wasiat Wajibah, ahli waris Nonmuslim

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Kubus Dan Balok Melalui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PBL (Problem Based Learning)

2026-01-20T14:01:54+07:00

This research is motivated by the low student learning outcomes in mathematics, particularly in the topics of cubes and cuboids, which require spatial visualization skills. The primary factor contributing to these low outcomes is the use of conventional teacher-centered learning models, which lead students to memorize formulas without understanding the underlying concepts. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The research method employed is Classroom Action Research (CAR), conducted in two cycles consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 33 students from class IX A at MTs Sunan Kalojogo. Data were collected using observation sheets, interviews, field notes, and written tests. The results indicated that the implementation of the PBL model significantly improved student learning outcomes. In Cycle I, the average score was 74.6 with a 73% completeness rate. Following improvements in Cycle II, the average score rose to 80.7 with a completeness rate of 94%. Thus, this study concludes that the PBL model is effective in enhancing student mastery and learning outcomes in the topics of cubes and cuboids

Perceraian Digital: Peran Media Sosial Dalam Retaknya Rumah Tangga Di Era Teknologi

2025-07-13T10:13:20+07:00

Jurnal ini membahas fenomena perceraian digital yang meningkat akibat penggunaan media sosial yang tidak bijak. Media sosial, yang awalnya dirancang untuk memperkuat hubungan sosial, kini kerap menjadi pemicu konflik rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perselingkuhan daring, kecemburuan digital, gangguan komunikasi, dan pelanggaran privasi merupakan faktor signifikan dalam retaknya rumah tangga di era digital.

Pembahasan ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan literasi digital dan komunikasi antar pasangan guna mencegah perceraian akibat media sosial. Selain itu, artikel ini juga menyoroti pentingnya peran lembaga konseling keluarga dan edukasi pranikah berbasis digital sebagai bentuk mitigasi sosial.